Pneumatic tools utilize compressed gas as the working medium, transmitting power or information through gas pressure. The power transmission system delivers compressed gas via pipes and control valves to pneumatic actuators, converting the pressure energy of the compressed gas into mechanical energy to perform work. The information transmission system uses pneumatic logic elements or jet elements to perform logical operations and other functions; this is also known as a pneumatic control system.
Firstly, compared to power tools, pneumatic tools are smaller and lighter for the same output power, making them more suitable for extended work without overheating. Even if the engine is overloaded, it can resume normal operation after the overload is relieved. Secondly, pneumatic tools are more water-resistant, and because they can use internal combustion engine air pumps, they can adapt to various harsh or adverse environments. Finally, while the initial investment in pneumatic tools requires establishing compressed air piping equipment, the long-term cost in terms of energy consumption and tool maintenance is lower.
However, under heavy-duty conditions, pneumatic tools offer unparalleled advantages over manual tools, characterized by high quality, long lifespan, high speed, high output force, and high precision.
The pneumatic motor is a key component of pneumatic tools, primarily consisting of a pneumatic motor and power output gears. It relies on high-pressure compressed air to drive the motor blades, causing the motor rotor to rotate and output rotational motion. This rotational motion is then transmitted through gears to the entire working mechanism. Based on whether the stator and rotor are concentric, pneumatic motors can be classified as concentric motors and eccentric motors; based on the number of air inlets, they can be classified as single-inlet motors, double-inlet motors, and multi-inlet motors. Regardless of the type, all pneumatic motors rely on compressed air to drive the motor blades and rotate the rotor. During high-speed rotation, the motor blades constantly rub against the inner wall of the stator, making them the most common and easily damaged component within the motor. Therefore, the quality of the compressed air and its presence of lubricating oil molecules are crucial.